The purpose of this RESEARCH is to present a comprehensive model for COMMERCIALIZATION the university RESEARCH FINDINGS to cover the different COMMERCIALIZATION cases as far as possible, and to empower the stakeholders involved in this area in order to response the questions ahead.The components of the RESEARCH proposed model are recognized by comparative study of COMMERCIALIZATION models of the world universities, and also by the survey of experts’ views in this area.This RESEARCH is an applied one with a comparative method, and its statistical population including 73 universities from five continents which were selected by purposive sampling method. The final model was presented to 37 experts in order to be validated. This study is focused on the comparative survey of COMMERCIALIZATION models of 73 world universities; and it offers an improved one which can be useful in increasing the productivity of COMMERCIALIZATION mechanism of the country universities. While utilizing the advantages of all the models, this new one lacks of disadvantages of the other previous models. Its design has been done in such away that can help those who are seeking practically the university COMMERCIALIZATION action. Its comprehensiveness considering the new models of foreign RESEARCHes (functional not process one) from one hand, and paying attention to criteria and factors obtained through domestic RESEARCHes and interviews with the experts from the other hand, are the reasons of superiority of this model with respect to 73 models studied during the RESEARCH process.

The exploitation of the academic sector RESEARCH FINDINGS, and commercializing them is an important priority. The purpose of this RESEARCH was to design a model for the COMMERCIALIZATION of RESEARCH FINDINGS of the Department of Electrical Engineering of Razi University of Kermanshah. The study was a fundamental RESEARCH which was conducted by the use of a grounded theory approach. RESEARCH field included the faculty members of the Electrical Engineering Department of Razi University of Kermanshah, and the experts in the field of COMMERCIALIZATION. Theoretical sampling approach was used. The number of participants in RESEARCH by the use of theoretical saturation reached (21 individuals). The data were collected through deep interviews. RESEARCH results indicated 32 main issues that were drawn as a paradigmatic model. What is in the center of the paradigmatic model is ideation (Idea Generation). The main components of RESEARCH COMMERCIALIZATION FINDINGS in terms of participants, Included: technical-economic assessment of the plans, networking, and dynamic linkages. Redesigning the processes and mechanisms for confidence-building were also placed in the next step.

Delphi was the principle procedure used to conduct this study. In its most basic form, the Delphi consists of at least three different instruments which in the present study will be referred to as round one, round two and round three. Brooks (1972) stated that the number of rounds could either be predetermined by the RESEARCHer or continued until group consensus is reached. The primary purpose of this study was to identify strategies regarding COMMERCIALIZATION of academicals RESEARCH FINDINGS in dealing with agricultural food Industry.Seventy-Four faculty members of Agricultural Food Industry Departments employed at public universities were identified to serve as a panel of experts for this study. However, 25 faculty members responded to our e-mailed questionnaires. From the review of literature, an open-ended questionnaire consisting of one question was developed for round one. This question was validated for content regarding its appropriateness to the objective of the study by a panel of faculty members in the Departments of Agricultural Extension and Education and Food Industry at Tarbiat Modares University. Seventeen strategies regarding COMMERCIALIZATION of academic RESEARCH FINDINGS in Agricultural Food Industry were collected from the panel of experts as the result of round one. Consensus was achieved for 15 of these statements in round three. The data in Table 3 shows the level of agreement of panel of experts in COMMERCIALIZATION of academic RESEARCH FINDINGS that more than (80%) of them reached consensus.

Nowadays, the changes in the dominant economic models, the emergence of knowledge-based economy and the lack of RESEARCH budgets have caused the academic and RESEARCH centers to pay attention to the COMMERCIALIZATION of RESEARCH FINDINGS. Although, there exist some studies pertaining to this topic, most of them have dealt with natural sciences rather than humanities and soft technology. To bridge this gap, the current study tries to identify and overcome the barriers to COMMERCIALIZATION of RESEARCH FINDINGS in humanities using a contextual theory and an interpretive approach. The study uses qualitative methods in three steps. In the first step, previous studies related to this topic are scrutinized and several barriers to RESEARCH COMMERCIALIZATION are extracted. Then, in the second step, Delphi method is utilized to examine the extent of the influence of each barrier and identify more items. Finally, grounded theory is used to present a conceptual framework for the barriers to RESEARCH COMMERCIALIZATION in humanities. According to the FINDINGS, the most important barriers are related to policymaking, legal rights, resources, infrastructure, intrinsic value of humanities, technological nature of humanities, and behavior of the actors.

Purpose: The present study aims to identify and explain the futures of Iranian provinces in the competition for the development of NBIC technological convergence (synergy between nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology and cognitive sciences) with a focus on Yazd province. Method: This RESEARCH, which has been conducted with a qualitative and descriptive approach, is classified as an exploratory futures-study. In this way, the relevant RESEARCH records were first reviewed to compile a list of drivers in the development of convergent technologies. The list was then refined and prioritized to identify two key drivers, with the Delphi process attended by fourteen experts. By intersecting the uncertainties of these two drivers, four scenarios of the province's future in technological convergence competition emerged. FINDINGS: The two key drivers affecting the success of the province in the competition for convergent technologies are: the rate of development of the innovation ecosystem and the amount of financial resources allocated to this process. Based on this, four scenarios of the future situation of the province in this field were identified, which have been named as "Vanguard", "Buyer", "Remnant" and "Hired". Conclusion: In order for the provinces to be able to succeed in the forthcoming competitions in the production and operation of convergent technologies, it is necessary to plan for strengthening the ecosystem infrastructure from now; at the same time, it is necessary to make efficient efforts to provide sufficient financial resources for the RESEARCH and COMMERCIALIZATION of these technologies.

One of the possible ways for cooperation between government, university and industry that seriously persuaded and used is establishment of science and technology parks and incubators. Likewise, in Iran, ministries and respective organizations have started widespread activities for accession of universities and academicians in this trilateral cooperation through development of science and technology parks and incubators.In this article, the importance of structure and activities of science and technology parks and incubators is reviewed. Then, their roles in transferring universities and institutes’ RESEARCH FINDINGS to society’s manufacturing and services sectors for promoting university position in RESEARCH contracts, increasing the spirit of objectivity and considering society’s needs are discussed.

RESEARCH and development couldn't promote public welfare and national wealth without COMMERCIALIZATION.COMMERCIALIZATION is one of the complicated stages of technological innovation process and there is no deterministic pattern for this stage. The minimum requirements for successful COMMERCIALIZATION of new technologies are as follows: adequate demand in market, superior potential performance to responses this demand, and an entrepreneurship organization or person with the sufficient resources, marketing and managing capabilities for delivering final product to market. One way to facilitating and accelerating COMMERCIALIZATION is benefiting from exiting industries, which have required equipments to commercialize RESEARCH FINDINGS and also have free capacity.In this paper after defining COMMERCIALIZATION, benefits of using existing industries to commercializing RESEARCH centers' finings will be explain and then some of the current barriers which are in industries and RESEARCH centers to benefit of existing industry for COMMERCIALIZATION RESEARCH results will described.

RTOs' missions are for technology development and carry out complicated COMMERCIALIZATION processes. COMMERCIALIZATION of technological RESEARCH FINDINGS is so costly for RTOs that they can not carry out COMMERCIALIZATION process by themselves. In the other hand, industries which are in competitive environment, for sustainable growth require superior new products and technologies which enable them in competitive scope. Industries often have frequent financial and human resources and this leads to their advantage to COMMERCIALIZATION process, because those assets provide possibility for adapting huge risk. The lost ring in this chain is the link between RTOs as the developer of technology and industries as the adapter of technology. Entrepreneurship could solve this problem by providing this lost ring and linking RTOs and industries. Corporate entrepreneurship is one of the entrepreneurship types and is defined as some entrepreneurship among the available corporate companies. Entrepreneurship looks for introducing new products and organizational systems in the scope of corporate. Entrepreneurship has five different kinds and each of them carries out entrepreneurship in its own style. Among these, Acquisitive and Opportunistic entrepreneurship have the highest fitness to enrich and enhance coexisting relation between industries and RTOs to commercialize technological FINDINGS.

Background and Objectives: COMMERCIALIZATION of RESEARCH is a process that transforms the knowledge produced in universities and RESEARCH institutes into marketable products or services. Given its importance in higher education, COMMERCIALIZATION of RESEARCH has recently attracted the attention of policymakers in Iran. This study was thus intended to design effective strategies for COMMERCIALIZATION of RESEARCH in Iranian RESEARCH institutes by identifying the drivers and barriers to its implementation. Moreover, it was attempted to formulate the COMMERCIALIZATION strategies for the Iranian RESEARCH Institute for Information Science and Technology (IranDoc) based on the identified drivers and barriers. Methodology: Based on the data of interviews with 30 IranDoc experts, the drivers and barriers to COMMERCIALIZATION in Iranian RESEARCH institutes were identified and then categorized into internal factors (i. e., strengths and weaknesses) and external factors (i. e., opportunities and threats) using the definitions of strength (S), weakness (W), opportunity (O) and threat (T). In order to complete the list of factors, the RESEARCHers asked the IranDoc experts to comment on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of COMMERCIALIZATION in IranDoc using a questionnaire. Afterwards, SWOT matrix was used to formulate appropriate strategies for IranDoc. FINDINGS: Based on the FINDINGS, four strategy groups including defensive strategies (WT), competitive strategies (ST), conservative strategies (WO), and aggressive strategies (SO) were identified for the implementation of COMMERCIALIZATION in IranDoc. Besides, the analysis of the internal-external factor evaluation (IE) matrix revealed that WT group strategies and ST group strategies were the first and second priorities for the COMMERCIALIZATION of RESEARCH FINDINGS in IranDoc, respectively. It is thus recommended that IranDoc apply defensive strategies (WT) in order to decrease the weaknesses and avoid the threats (WT) of COMMERCIALIZATION of RESEARCH FINDINGS. These strategies include conducting joint RESEARCH and development projects, empowering RESEARCHers, managing knowledge flow, increasing the motivation of RESEARCHers to commercialize their RESEARCH FINDINGS, and also attracting support from the industry sector and other organizations. Discussion: In order to formulate an effective strategy for COMMERCIALIZATION of RESEARCH FINDINGS, it is imperative that the experts and policymakers gain an accurate understanding of the important factors (i. e., drivers and barriers) for RESEARCH COMMERCIALIZATION in RESEARCH institutes. It is thus suggested that the COMMERCIALIZATION strategies of IranDoc be developed based on the list of identified drivers and barriers to RESEARCH COMMERCIALIZATION in Iran. It is hoped that the formulated RESEARCH COMMERCIALIZATION strategies for IranDoc contribute to the COMMERCIALIZATION of RESEARCH products in other similar RESEARCH centers in Iran.

Purpose: Clustering and co-word analysis is a method to reveal relationships and links and illustrate the intellectual structure of a scientific field. This RESEARCH tries to study the intellectual structure of articles in the field of futures studies in Iran by using the technique of co-word analysis. Method: The current RESEARCH is a descriptive-analytical development with a scientometric approach. The statistical population is 921 articles retrieved records in the field of futures studies. FINDINGS: The FINDINGS showed that articles in the field of futures studies in Iran are often associated with positive growth, and in terms of frequency, the keywords scenario, Islamic Republic, and foresight are the most frequent in futures studies. The FINDINGS related to the hierarchical clustering led to the formation of 8 clusters in this field, namely "ICT visions", "geographers who love the future", "knowledge development", " Futuristic higher education", "Future of Religion", "Regional Relations", "Strategic Foresight" and "Heavy Weight of Method". Conclusion: According to the FINDINGS of the current RESEARCH and the high frequency of the keyword scenario, as well as the density and relationships of this keyword with other keywords, it can be concluded that the scenario is the dominant approach in futures studies. Also, according to the resulting clusters, it was observed that these RESEARCHes have a high variety, but addressing the future in many areas is still neglected.